آليات التحول من الاقتصاد الريعي إلى التنمية المستدامة: دراسة مقارنة بين التجربة النرويجية والواقع الليبي

Abstract

This research explores the mechanisms for transitioning from a rentier economy to sustainable development through a comparative study of the Norwegian experience and the Libyan context. The research problem lies in Libya’s over-reliance on oil revenues, which accounted for approximately 97% of government income in 2023, resulting in structural imbalances and the emergence of "the Dutch Disease." The study aims to analyze Libya's economic structure and draw lessons from the Norwegian model, particularly regarding institutional discipline for sovereign wealth funds and the decoupling of oil revenues from the general budget. The findings indicate that the fundamental difference lies in the strength of institutions and governance frameworks. While Norway employs a system that insulates wealth from political fluctuations, Libya suffers from institutional fragmentation, which has led to developmental losses estimated at $600 billion over the past decade. The study recommends adopting a stringent "fiscal rule," reforming the Libyan Investment Authority, and prioritizing solar energy as a strategic alternative to safeguard the rights of future generations